“The essence of the medical essence achievement” contained in “Han to powder”, its name and part of the drug name by the Chinese transliteration. Textual research, “Han powder” for the Chinese medicine in the hemp prescription. In the memory of the Song before the Chinese literature did not see the “Han powder” exactly the same prescription. By comparison, the composition, dosage form and efficacy of “Han Dynasty Powder” are the most close to the “addition and subtraction of linen pills” in “Outside Taiwan”.
“Medical Essentials Achievements” ( 
) Department of Tibet Shannan clam pagoda ( 
) Unearthed one of the Tibetan script, included in the “when Xu Ga Tong clam Ba Qi tower of the ancient benzene teaching instrument compilation” 
) [ 1 ] . According to incomplete statistics, from 2008 to 2016, 6 can be retrieved and studied, including 4 Tibetan books, 2 [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6] , 7 ] . The full text of the Chinese translation, comments and comments published in 2010 [ 2 ] , the latest full-text Tibetan Notes and comments published in 2016 [ 3 ] . The study shows that the writing is the latter part of the original book, only 24 pages, containing more than 20 prescriptions, including from India ( 
), Han ( 
), Khotan ( 
) And other regions of the incoming prescription. Among them, “thorn cypress prescription” ( 
) From India, the party, the indications and the source has been verified [ 2 ] , and “Chinese powder” ( 
) And “Li domain laxative” ( 
There is no evidence of conclusive literature research. The author based on the ancient Chinese and the Tibetan language of the tone of the law, reference to traditional Chinese medicine and Tibetan medicine literature, the “Han powder” in the transliteration of the name, drug name of the study notes, clear Han composition of the powder. In addition, by searching the existing Chinese literature before the Song Dynasty, to find the relevant Chinese medicine prescription, to explore the source and evolution of Chinese powder.
“Chinese powder” ( 
) Is found on page 12, line 4 to page 13, line 6, the sentence is complete and the characters are clear. Is based on the plate (back cover map), its transcription, comment, translation, and for discussion.
The original is not the page number, is the seam 
A booklet in the form of a book. Editor compiled page number, from the copy of the order, the album is copied from left to right. But the beginning of the medical writing book (compiled on page 1) is on the back of a sheet of paper, the first line is damaged, the initial judgment of this trip is not the beginning of the instrument, and the editor did not give the paper front Photo. Page 24 The full text of the end, there is a clear sign, after the text blank, the back of the page no text, is for the back cover page (not page number). It seems that the current publication of the medical book is not complete, the end of the complete. Obviously, the medical books are not complete, the front should also have the content, the version of the page is not the original page number. “Chinese powder” ( 
) Copied on page 12 back and 13 pages front, a total of 12 lines.
[Transcription] 1
There are some foreign words in the text of the word translation name, and some ancient words or variant characters, is to do the necessary interpretation 1 .
① 
(12.4). In the Tibetan language 
Word meaning, meaning: Han (land, family), large, low terrain and so on. Here 
with 
, Refers to the Han and Han Chinese living in the mainland. 
for 
Of the other words, the latter is Sanskrit cūrn, · in ( 
) Transliteration of the variant, which is made from the powder, here refers to the powder, powder. Combined with the side of the Chinese transliteration drug name, can be sure to say here 
It means Han. 
Literally translated as “Han to the powder.”
② 
(12.4). According to the ancient pronunciation can be translitized as “Ma two yellow”, from the context to see, not a single drug name, but a prescription name. 
On Chinese characters 
“Ma” [ 8 ] 227 , we can see 
Is the transliteration of hemp 
Article. 
Read as “two” 1 , in the ancient Chinese “two” pass “benevolence”, the same pronunciation. So from the pronunciation of inspection, 
Can be seen as a transliteration of Ma Ren. 
Corresponding to the Han “yellow” “emperor” and so on, here 
Should be seen as 
Of the province to write, Dunhuang Tibetan instruments Pt1258 “heaven and earth eight sun god curse” line 30, 
The sound is “no” [ 9 ] 201, “no” “side” homonym, which we can see 
Can be used as “side”. Tang Dynasty and Tang before the Chinese medicine side book, “Ma Ren Wan” ( 
) And its variants “plus or minus mirens” ( 
), The latter with 
Are laxatives, its composition, dosage form and efficacy similar. Traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in the representative of the drug or the main ingredients drug name prescription, such as: ephedra soup, ephedra aconite Asarum soup. Thus, it can be presumed 
Is the transliteration of “Ma Ren Fang”.
③ 
(12.4). Dunhuang instruments S.2736 “Tibetan-Chinese contrast words” line 1, 
Corresponding to Chinese characters 
“Ma” [ 8 ] 227 , we can see 
Is the transliteration of hemp, 
That is 
The Which drug name marijuana, also known as hemp, scientific name Cannabis sativa L. , Zizhi Ren medicine called rapeseed, razi, hemp and so on. Chinese medicine that this matter moistening, smoothing, Tonglin, blood circulation, governance intestinal dry constipation, Diabetes, hot shower and so on. “Materia Medica set by injection,” said the drug “fear of Poria” [ 9 ] . According to Dhn.Ngh. Records, vijayā synonyms are: rañjikā, bhan gā, tandrākr, d, bahuvādinī, mādinī, mādikā, mātuh, and gañjākinih, and so on. bhan · gā its bitter bitter, sharp, hot, governance mucin disease, taste astringent, digestion, light effect, raw bloating, caused by drunk magic, food intake, raving. Cannabis sativa L. [ 10 ] . 
Is the ancient word, is now 
The 
Tibetan name 
, “Crystal beads Materia Medica” records: 
Nourish and increase physical strength. Its synonyms are: 
(Vatican siddhimūla), 
(Vatican bhan gā), 
Et al. [ 11 ] 356 .
④ 
(12.6). And the Chinese name “ginseng” close to the ancient sound. 
Corresponding to the Chinese characters “people” [8] 44, such as: Dunhuang instruments S.2736 “Tibetan-Chinese contrast words” line 11 
(Farming people), line 12 
(Single woman) [ 8 ] 227 . 
On the sound of Chinese characters “deep” “trial” “even”, such as: Pt1258 “heaven and earth eight sun god curse” line 71, 
The word “deep” [ 8 ] 207 . “Senate” and “deep” homonym, 
Can sound “Senate”.According to this, you can put 
As a transliteration of “ginseng”. Wang Tao “outside the Taiwan to the party” “plus or minus Ma Ren Wan” side of the ginseng, but also 
On the sound of “ginseng” evidence. Only Wang Qiongqiao “drug name to identify the treasure neck” 1 said: “ 
(Polygonatum) there are a variety of … … Han to the eastern part of Liaodong ( 
) Produced by the name of 
(Ginseng), is yellow 
The Here 
Meaning “people”, 
Meaning “like”, (because) the drug (root) has two legs (like a humanoid). This breed is very rare. ” [ 12 ] on ginseng,” possession of medicine Jingjing Materia Medica “will 
(Ba Woqinbo) identified as ginseng [ 13 ] . “Crystal beads Materia Medica” cited 
Say 
For the king of cold medicine 
[ 11 ] 311 . 
Of the drug and ginseng different, apparently not a drug.
⑤ 
(12.6). In this writing, 
versus 
Even write to do 
The Pontee Gordon believes that, 
Yes 
with 
2 drugs. From the pronunciation and font shape, 
with 
Some approximation, 
Can be seen as is 
The abbreviation. However, in Dunhuang this Tibetan writing Pt13 in a prescription at the same time 
( 
Of the variant) and 
, Indicating that the two are two different drugs. Here 
versus 
Should be the same word, each other, it is likely that the Chinese characters on the word. therefore, 
Should not be 
The Tang Fan League monument (south) line 24, 
The sound of “servant”; line 27, 
“Tomb” [ 8 ] 238 . Pt1258 “heaven and earth eight sun god curse” line 45 
The sound of “blessing” [ 8 ] 203 . According to the relationship between the Tibetan and Chinese tones, here 
Is the Chinese medicine name “Poria” transliteration. Chinese medicine theory, although Ma Ren evil Poria said, but in fact the two can be used. But from the side card to analyze, this side should not have Poria. 
The word may be mistakenly copied.
⑥ 
(12.6). Maha “Outside the Taiwan Secret to the party,” “plus or minus Ma Ren Wan” side with arousal skin, Dunhuang this Tibetan writing Pt13 prescription in the use of gray Li Li Pi [ 14 ] 772 : 
(5 pieces of myrobalan skin) [ 15 ]. Here 
The back may be missing 
, The full text should be 
(Myrobalan skin).
⑦ 
with 
(13.8 ~ 9). Yes 
(Above) and 
(The following) all the words.
⑧ 
(13.9). Yes 
Of the variant, wine.
⑨ 
(13.2). From the font, it may be 
(Brain, heart) or 
(Lung, heart) of all the words, but from the context and Tibetan medicine theory to analyze, understood as 
(Lung, heart) more appropriate.
⑩ 
(13.3). Yes 
Of the variant word, meaning abdominal distension.
According to the Tibetan orthography and the above interpretation, the original rearrangement as follows (do not retain the page number and line number):
【Revised】
According to the above text, try as follows:
[Chinese translation] (12.4 ~ 13.6)
The preparation method and drug efficacy of
Recipe: hemp seeds 2 two, ginseng 1 two, Poria (?), Myrobalan, rhubarb and other 1 and a half, pound fine sieves, with honey into the size of the pill like a mouse feces.
Usage: take 1 to 3 money each time, with a collection of wine delivery service. Diarrhea 2 to 3 times before the food to eat.
Efficacy: the upper (refers to the head facial features) and the heart of blood, wind and heat, appetite bacon overbearing, abdominal distension and diet difficult to stomach, stomach weak, back discomfort, back pain, Throat obstruction (embolism) have good effect.
The so-called Chinese side called the powder ( 
which is 
) Is actually pills 
), Why not directly say pills, but to say powder? There is another kind of “Li domain laxative” 
), Belonging to the powder range ( 
), Called “Rhododendron” 
, And in fact the dosage form is also a pill. From this point of view, the mussels and Pakistan this book 
with 
Is not the usual powder, but honey pill.
Ma Ren side is laxative. Through the literature search, the Tang Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty before the ancient Chinese medicine has Ma Ren Wan Fang and its variants plus or minus Ma Ren pills, are also laxatives. The latter and the latter 
Composition, dosage form and efficacy close to.
“Plus or minus Ma Ren Wan” is the “Treatise on Febrile Diseases” “Ma Zi Ren pills” changes in the side. In the “Treatise on Febrile Diseases”, “rapeseed pills” for the treatment of Yangming disease spleen card: “Fu Yang pulse floating and astringent, floating is strong stomach, astringent is the number of urine, floating astringent stroke, stool is hard (Half a catty) Sunburn fungus (half a catty, Sunburn) rhubarb (a pound, peeled) Magnolia (a foot, Sunburn, honey and pills, such as the Indus child big, Beverage Service 10 pills, three service, gradually increase, to know for the degree of ” [the sunburn, 16 ] 78 .
“Asakozi Pill” is made from “Xiao Chengqi Decoction” plus hemp, almonds, peony. Subsequently, the “rapeseed pills” of the group, drug dose, processing, indications, medication methods such as different changes. The name of the prescription has also changed. To Tang, “Ma Ziren Pill” is called “Ma Ren Pill”. (1 liter), citrus aurantium (eight two Sunburn) almonds (one liter) ) Peony (eighty two) rhubarb (a pound) Enji (a foot Sunburn) on the six flavor pound sieve, honey and pills such as Wuzi, Beverage Service five pills, three days, add to ten pills. ” [ 14 ] 462 . To “outside the Taiwan secret recipe”, “Ma Ren Pill” and “Treatise on” “Asako Pill” drug composition is exactly the same, but the dose of aconics halved.
In the “outside the secret to the party” Volume 31 appeared in the “addition and subtraction Majin Pill”: “addition and subtraction Ma Ren Wan, the treatment of years of suffering from gas, can not eat, and eat indigestion, cold air hot air rushed, (Twenty-two) cannabis (twenty-two) Mahler (twenty-two) on the limbs (four two) on the two Four flavor pound in accordance with the law to honey and pills, each serving ten pills twenty pills, increase or decrease the amount of ” [ 14 ] 772 . “Add and subtract Ma Man Pill” than “Ma Ren pills” to reduce the citrus aurantium, almonds, peony, Magnolia, increased people involved in the limelier Li; reduced the power of gas, increased the power of qi, Intended to treat “plot years suffering from gas”, spleen and stomach disorders and Qi deficiency of the card. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, “Ma Zi Ren Pills” is also known as “spleen about pills” and “spleen about Ma Ren Wan” (“World Health effective side”), the prescription and drug dose and other new changes.
“Outside the Taiwan secret recipe” “plus and minus Ma Ren Wan” and mumbai Qi write “Han Fang powder Ma Ren side” prescription drug comparison in Table 1 .
 |
Table 1
Comparison between Chinese and Tibetan |
Set the proportion of Ma Ren 4, “outside the Taiwan secret recipe” “plus and minus Ma Ren Wan” and mumbai Qi write “Han Fang powder Ma Ren side” of the drug ratio shown in Table 2 :
 |
Table 2
Chinese and Tibetan Chinese medicine prescription |
In the above two recipes, myrobalan and rhubarb are the same. “Plus or minus Ma Ren Wan”, the ratio of hemp and ginseng the same, is the bony and rhubarb 1/2. “Han Dynasty powder Ma Ren side”, the most amount of hemp, ginseng is 2 times, is myrobin and rhubarb 1 and 1/3 times. In view of this, the effectiveness of the two parties is different. If the “Han Dynasty powder Ma Ren side” in the Poria is not Yanwen, and indeed one of the ingredients, then the difference between the two side effect even greater. From the point of view of the literature, the name of “Han Dynasty Powder Ma Ren Fang” shows that it is from Han Dynasty, but not in the existing Chinese literature before Song. The party is “outside the Taiwan secret recipe” “plus or minus Ma Ren Wan” change side, or with the “outside the secret to the party” “plus and minus Ma Ren Pill” coexist another “plus or minus Ma Ren pills”, pending further research.
Through the above research, can be determined 
Is he 
), Is the Chinese medicine prescription. By searching the comparison, the initial infer that this Ma Ren Fang is a Chinese medicine plus or minus a hemp pill side. Among them, ginseng 
) Is the earliest record of ginseng in Tibetan literature. Chinese medicine addition and subtraction Ma Ren pills appear in the Tang Dynasty, similar to the formula appeared in the same period (that is, Tubo period) Tibetan medicine written in the description of the Han and Tibetan medicine at that time the degree of close contact. But the prescription is not included in the “four medical code” (12th century finalization) and later medical books, only found in the mussels and Pakistan.After its introduction to Tibet, there is no widely used in Tibetan medicine clinical practice, probably because Tibet does not produce ginseng, medicine supply difficulties. The party 
The exact meaning of the word, to be further studied. The discovery of the Han Fang Ma Ren Fang, which is recorded in the Tibetan bashi, provides important material for the study of Chinese medicine prescriptions and the study of Chinese and Tibetan medicine.
The page number is marked in square brackets, and the line number is marked with Tibetan numbers.
The number of brackets in each Tibetan script, indicating the original page number and line number. The brackets indicate the reference number, followed by the number indicating the page number.
French Collection Dunhuang Tibetan script Pt1256 is a Tibetan alphabet written in Chinese nine nine tables. In the table 
Corresponds to “two” and “and”. Such as: eight hundred seventy two 
, Thirty-two twenty-seven 
, 2911 
, …, twenty-two and four 
, One two and two 
Wait. Pt1046A Tibetan phonetic “thousand words”, the Chinese characters “two” on the Tibetan language “ 
” [ 8 ] 104 .
“Side” and other audio, such as: Pt1046A Tibetan phonetic “thousand words”, the Chinese characters “spinning” on the Tibetan language “ 
“
Pyrene is a transliteration of some ancient language from the Western Regions, and its pronunciation is closest to the halela of Punjabi.
