Evaluation of cannabinoid receptors type 1-2 in periodontitis patients

doi: 10.1002/cre2.608.

Online ahead of print.

Atefe Ataei¹, S A Rahim Rezaee², Amir Moeintaghavi³, Habibollah Ghanbari³, Majid Azizi⁴

Affiliations

PMID: 35719011
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.608

Abstract

Background: As effective immune modulators, Endocannabinoids may suppress the inflammatory responses in periodontitis. This study assessed the expression of cannabinoid receptors in gingiva and the impact on periodontitis.

Methods: A cross-sectional study on 20 patients with more than stage II and Grade A periodontitis and a control group consisting of 19 healthy individuals was performed. The gingival biopsies were assessed for the expression of CB1 and CB2 using the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, TaqMan method.

Results: The study sample consisted of 39 subjects, 31 females (79.5%) and 8 males (20.5%), including 20 periodontitis subjects (80% female and 20% male), and control groups (78.9% female and 21.1% male). The mean ages of cases and controls were 33.3 ± 4.7 and 35.7 ± 5.1 years, respectively. The gene expression of CB2 in periodontitis was 27.62 ± 7.96 and in healthy subjects was 78.15 ± 23.07. The CB2 was significantly lower than the control group (p = .008). In comparison, the gene expression index of CB1 in the periodontal group (9.42 ± 3.03) was higher than the control group (6.62 ± 1.13) but did not meet a significant value (p = .671).

Conclusion: The lower expression of CB2 receptors in the periodontitis group may be due to the reduced protective effect of anti-inflammatory agents. These elements include cannabinoids and the imbalance leading to the predominance of pro-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the local effects of cannabinoids as an immunomodulator could be useful for oral inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis.

Keywords: CB1, CB2, endocannabinoids, periodontitis

References

REFERENCES

1. AlMoharib, H. S., AlMubarak, A., AlRowis, R., Geevarghese, A., Preethanath, R., & Anil, S. (2014). Oral fluid based biomarkers in periodontal disease: part 1. saliva. Journal of international oral health: JIOH, 6, 95-103.
1. Al-Mutairi, R., Liversidge, H., & Gillam, D. G. (2022). Prevalence of moderate to severe periodontitis in an 18-19th century Sample-St. Bride’s Lower Churchyard (London, UK). Dentistry The Journal, 10, 56.
1. Äyräväinen, L., Heikkinen, A. M., Kuuliala, A., Ahola, K., Koivuniemi, R., Laasonen, L., Moilanen, E., Hämäläinen, M., Tervahartiala, T., Meurman, J. H., Leirisalo-Repo, M., & Sorsa, T. (2018). Inflammatory biomarkers in saliva and serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with respect to periodontal status. Annals of Medicine, 50, 333-344.
1. Bab, I., Ofek, O., Tam, J., Rehnelt, J., & Zimmer, A. (2008). Endocannabinoids and the regulation of bone metabolism. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 20, 69-74.
1. Barrie, N., Kuruppu, V., Manolios, E., Ali, M., Moghaddam, M., & Manolios, N. (2017). Endocannabinoids in arthritis: Current views and perspective. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, 20, 789-797.