Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Cannabis sativa fruit (Cannabis Fructus)

Cannabis sativa fruit (Cannabis Fructus) refers to the dried and ripe fruit of Cannabis sativa L. It is widely distributed in the northeast, North, and South China. It has medicinal, ecological, and economic values. This study aimed to review the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Cannabis Fructus, providing a reference for further exploration of Cannabis Fructus. Comprehensive information on Cannabis Fructus was collected via electronic searches (e.g., Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, and Web of Science) and from books on phytochemistry. Cannabis Fructus contains various compounds such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids, cannabinoids, fatty acids, alkaloids, phenanthrenes, proteins, and polysaccharides. Its active ingredients exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-tumor, anti-constipation, neuroprotective, lipoid-regulating, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties.