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Abstract
Inhalable, noncombustible cannabis products are playing a central role in the expansion of the medical and recreational use of cannabis. In particular, the practice of “dabbing” with butane hash oil has emerged with great popularity in states that have legalized cannabis. Despite their growing popularity, the degradation product profiles of these new products have not been extensively investigated. The study herein focuses on the chemistry of myrcene and other common terpenes found in cannabis extracts. Methacrolein, benzene, and several other products of concern to human health were formed under the conditions that simulated real-world dabbing. The terpene degradation products observed are consistent with those reported in the atmospheric chemistry literature.
Introduction
Results and Discussion
a1, Methacrolein; 2, methyl vinyl ketone; 3, hydroxyacetone; 4, 3-methylfuran; 5, 2-methylnapthalene; 6, 1,3-butadiene; 7, 1-methylcyclohexa-1,4-diene; 8, benzene. These and other related products were produced from pure samples of each of limonene, linalool, and myrcene.
MC (ng/mg terpene) | benzene (ng/mg terpene) | |
---|---|---|
“Fire OG” | 127 | 10 |
limonene | 261 | 63 |
linalool | 103 | ND |
myrcene | 81 | 60 |
Conclusions
Methods
Supporting Information
The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01130.
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Experimental conditions, materials, and characterization data for MC and benzene (PDF)
Toxicant Formation in Dabbing: The Terpene Story
J.M.-A. performed all of the experiments, collected sample, and wrote the manuscript. R.M.S. supervised the studies and edited the manuscript. W.L. ran the ATD–GC–MS samples, advised on sample collection by this method, and reviewed the manuscript. All of the authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.
We thank the NIH and FDA for support of this work via award R01ES025257. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the NIH or the FDA.
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
Acknowledgment
Dr. Jorge Escobedo provided the guidance and useful discussion in the experiments and during manuscript drafting. Dr. David Peyton provided the guidance and useful discussion in the NMR methods used. Tim Frasca reviewed the manuscript for content and style.
ABBREVIATIONS | |
MC |
methacrolein |
THC |
tetrahydrocannabinol |
CBD |
cannabidiol |
BHO |
butane hash oil |
TR |
temperature range |
HCHO |
formaldehyde |
TLV |
threshold limit value |
LOEL |
lowest observed effect level |
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